Gehenna and Sheol in the Aramaic NT

[MusicLover123]

I heard today that when learning Aramaic, it helps in understanding Hebrew a lot more. Thoughts?

Also, what if the original NT was also written in Hebrew, not Greek or Aramaic?

[DavidFord]

I heard today that when learning Aramaic, it helps in understanding Hebrew a lot more. Thoughts?
Also, what if the original NT was also written in Hebrew, not Greek or Aramaic?

Yes, if you know Hebrew (or Arabic), that'll apparently make learning Aramaic easier.  There are many similar words with similar meanings, and the syntax is similar.  I recall reading the opinion that if you're intent on learning Hebrew and Aramaic, it's good to start with learning Aramaic.  A website about learning Aramaic is
https://jesusspokearamaic.com
I've picked up a little Aramaic vocabulary from reading Paul Younan's interlinear translation of Mt - Acts 16, which is at http://pecrapta.org and at http://dukhrana.com
If the NT was originally written in Hebrew, then we lack that Hebrew, and have merely translations from that Hebrew.

[DavidFord]

Rev 7:17 rhyming poetry in Aramaic
If Rev 7:17's lines are broken this way, there is poetry present in Aramaic:

Rev 7:17 (Crawford Codex, based on Murdock and Glaser), http://dukhrana.com
Because that Lamb,  {last word in line:  d'amra
that is in the middle of the throne,          {karsia
will shepherd/feed/welcome them;        {anun
and will lead/direct/educate them to/between/within life     {kia
and to/between/within fountains [lit.: eyes of water];             {d'mia
and will wipe away all/every/any that tears from their eyes.  {ainihun

The rhyming is a-a-n, a-a-n. There's some alliteration as well with the last words:  d-k-a, k-d-a.
Also, there's a neat use of 2 variants of 'eye': 
aiyntha d'mia i.e. 'eyes of water' i.e. fountains/springs, vs. aiynyhun i.e. 'their eyes.'
Plus there's use of the similar:
d'maia i.e. 'that tears' vs. d'mia i.e. 'of water.'

http://cal.huc.edu/oneentry.php?lemma=%28yn+N%20&cits=all
ˁyn, ˁynˀ   (ˁayn/ˁēn, ˁaynā)   n.f.  eye; spring ....
1  eye  Com. Ezra5:5 .... (a) fig.  Syr. P Nm10:31 .... (b) metaph. anything that looks like an eye  .... (c) metaph. focus, center, main part.... (c.1)  chief city  Syr. P Prov23:31.... (c.2) ....the middle of the day....
2  spring  .... P Gn16:7.... spring of water. (a) fountain  Syr. (b) fig.: font, source ....

[DavidFord]

Rev 8:7:  hail, fire, and:  water?  or blood?

Revelation 8:7 http://www.dukhrana.com
(Etheridge) And the First sounded. And there was hail, and fire mingled with the waters,
and they were cast upon the earth ; and the third of the earth burned, and the third of the trees burned, and every green herb burned.
(Murdock) And the first sounded; and there was hail, and fire, which were mingled with water:
and these were thrown upon the earth; and a third part of the earth was burned up, and a third part of the trees were burned, and all green grass was burned.
(Lamsa) The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with water,
and they were poured upon the earth: and a third part of the earth was burnt up and a third part of the trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up.
(KJV) The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood,
and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up

[DavidFord]

Rev 20:12:  scroll/book of:  judgment?  or life?

Rev 20:12 (NASB)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=rev%2020%3A12&version=NASB;KJV
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened;
and another book was opened, which is _the book_ of life;
and the dead were judged from the things which were written in the books, according to their deeds.

Rev 20:12 (Aramaic Bible in Plain English, working with Crawford)
https://biblehub.com/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/20.htm
And I saw the dead, great and small, who stood before the throne, and scrolls were opened,
and another scroll was opened, which is of The Judgment [Aramaic:  d'dina:  of judgment],
and the dead were judged from those things that were written in the scrolls, according to their works.

[DavidFord]

Rev 16:3:  the sea became:  as dead?  as the blood of a dead man?

Aramaic Peshi+ta NT Translation (translating from Crawford?)
http://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/index.php/en/scripture-reference-search
And the second angel poured his bowl into the sea
and the sea became as dead
and every living creature died in the sea.   
KJV
And the second angel poured out his vial upon the sea;
and it became as the blood of a dead man:
and every living soul died in the sea.   
Murdock (translating from Aramaic Peshi+o?)
And the second angel poured his cup upon the sea;
and it became blood, like that of a dead person;
and every living soul of things in the sea, died.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English, using Crawford
https://biblehub.com/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/16.htm
And the second Angel poured his vessel into The Sea
and The Sea became as dead,
and every living animal in the sea died.

[DavidFord]

Rev 22:5:  Master YHWH illuminates them and:  their king?  or, is their king?  or, they shall reign?

Aramaic Peshi+ta NT Translation   
http://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/index.php/en/scripture-reference-search
And there will be no night there
and light will not be needed for them
or a lamp or the light of the sun,
because the LORD God illuminates them
and their king, forever and ever.   
KJV
And there shall be no night there;
and they need no candle,
neither light of the sun;
for the Lord God giveth them light:
and they shall reign for ever and ever.   
Murdock (working with Peshi+o?)
And there will be no more night;
and they have no need of the light of a candle,
or of the light of the sun;
because the Lord God giveth them light:
and they will reign for ever and ever.

Rev 22:5 (Aramaic Bible in Plain English, using Crawford)
https://biblehub.com/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/22.htm
And there shall be no night there
and neither will they need lights, lamps,
or the light of the Sun,
because THE LORD JEHOVAH God gives them light,
and he is their King for the eternity of eternities.

In Greg Glaser's Interlinear of the Crawford Codex, he translates one word as "and rules them" and adds, "Alternate translation: 'and counsels them', 'and their king'"

[DavidFord]

Rev 22:15:  seers mentioned?

Rev 22:15 (Greg Glaser, working with Crawford) http://dukhrana.com
and fornicators/whores and murderers/slaughterers and idolatrous workers outside,
and the unclean/defiled and sorcerors/enchanters and all seers and workers of falsehood

Rev 22:15 (Aramaic Bible in Plain English)
https://biblehub.com/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/22.htm
"And outside are fornicators, murderers, idol worshipers,
the defiled, sorcerers and all seers and workers of lies."

Rev 22:15 (Aramaic Peshi+ta NT)
http://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/index.php/en/scripture-reference-search
And the fornicators and the murderers and the idolaters [will be] outside
and the unclean and the sorcerers and all observers and doers of falsehood.

KJV
For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.

[DavidFord]

Greg Glaser note on Crawford Codex Rev 20:10, http://dukhrana.com
Every single punishment described throughout the entire literal bible utilizes _finite_ terms (as here with Nyml9-ailmyn ("ages/worlds"), which refers to finite planetary bodies/eras). See Greg Glaser article for full scripture citations. The glory of the Father has the word Nym0-amyn ("perpetual", "continuing") after it (Nym0 Nyml9 Ml9 - ailm ailmyn amyn). In every single instance where the punishment of wrongdoers is described, the word Nym0-amyn is noticeably absent. Accordingly, the literal text does not teach infinite or eternal torment, but rather _finite_ punishment.

"Preacher Man – Get the Mistranslation Out of Hell!" (2015) by Greg Glaser
https://www.logicalhierarchy.com/blog/preacher-man-hell-mistranslation/

[marie glen]

Greg Glaser note on Crawford Codex Rev 20:10, http://dukhrana.com
Every single punishment described throughout the entire literal bible utilizes _finite_ terms (as here with Nyml9-ailmyn ("ages/worlds"), which refers to finite planetary bodies/eras). See Greg Glaser article for full scripture citations. The glory of the Father has the word Nym0-amyn ("perpetual", "continuing") after it (Nym0 Nyml9 Ml9 - ailm ailmyn amyn). In every single instance where the punishment of wrongdoers is described, the word Nym0-amyn is noticeably absent. Accordingly, the literal text does not teach infinite or eternal torment, but rather _finite_ punishment.

"Preacher Man – Get the Mistranslation Out of Hell!" (2015) by Greg Glaser
https://www.logicalhierarchy.com/blog/preacher-man-hell-mistranslation/

:thumbsup: :thumbsup: And "punishment" if I remember right, in the original is in the sense of "corrective" / corrective discipline

Rev 22:15 (Aramaic Bible in Plain English)
https://biblehub.com/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/22.htm
"And outside are fornicators, murderers, idol worshipers,
the defiled, sorcerers and all seers and workers of lies."

This is the sense I get from the verse:

"And outside ARE fornicators, murderers, idol worshipers,
the defiled, sorcerers and all seers and workers of lies."

That the city/kingdom is present now.. just not, of course, in its fullness.. And full Glory..

Because, we know.. Yhvh / God All-Powerful will be "all in all".

quote -
because THE LORD JEHOVAH (JHVH) God gives them light,
and he is their King for the eternity of eternities.

:banana: :cloud9:

[DavidFord]

And "punishment" if I remember right, in the original is in the sense of "corrective" / corrective discipline

3 examples?

[marie glen]

And "punishment" if I remember right, in the original is in the sense of "corrective" / corrective discipline

3 examples?

Matthew 25:46, Young's Literal Translation -
And these shall go away to punishment age-during, but the righteous to life age-during.'
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/matthew/25-46.htm

https://biblehub.com/greek/2851.htm  punishment = #G2851 kolasis ►
kolasis: correction
Word Origin
from kolazó
Definition
correction
NASB Translation
punishment (2).

1 John 4:18, Berean Literal Bible -
There is no fear in love, but perfect love casts out fear, because fear has punishment; and the one fearing has not been perfected in love.
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/1_john/4-18.htm

https://biblehub.com/greek/2851.htm  punishment = #G2851 kolasis ►
kolasis: correction
Word Origin
from kolazó
Definition
correction
NASB Translation
punishment (2).

Strong's Greek 2851
2 Occurrences

Psalm 22:27, Berean Study Bible
All the ends of the earth will remember and turn to the LORD. All the families of the nations will bow down before Him.

Philippians 2:11, Contemporary English Version
And to the glory of God the Father everyone will openly agree, "Jesus Christ is Lord!"

"agree" or "confess" #G1843 ► exomologeó: to agree, confess (https://biblehub.com/greek/1843.htm)
– properly, fully agree and to acknowledge that agreement openly (whole-heartedly confess); hence, to confess ("openly declare"), without reservation (no holding back).

.." that God may be all in all." from 1 Cor. 15:28

If God will be all in all, it seems obvious (to me) that any punishment will be "corrective".. As if they remain in error / not corrected, could it be said God Himself will be all in all / will be all things?
:Peace2:

[MusicLover123]

Don't forget these!

Isaiah 26
9With my soul have I desired thee in the night; yea, with my spirit within me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness.

Hebrews 12
7If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not?

Revelation 3
19 As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be zealous therefore, and repent.

John 3:16
16for God did so love the world, that His Son — the only begotten — He gave, that every one who is believing in him may not perish, but may have life age-during.

[DavidFord]

Transliterations in Greek mss. of Semitic Words and Phrases

Allelouia, Rev 19:1, 19:3, 19:4, 19:6
Abaddon, Rev 9:11
Amen, in Rev:  Rev 1:6, 1:7, 1:18, 3:14, 5:14, 7:12, 19:4, 22:20, 22:21
Armageddon, Rev 16:16
Libanos, Mt 2:11, Rev 18:13         
Manna, Jn 6:31, Jn 6:49, Heb 9:4, Rev 2:17
Satana, in Rev:  Rev 2:9, 2:13, 2:24, 3:9, 12:9, 20:2, 20:7
Woe, in Rev:  Rev 8:13, 9:12, 11:14, 12:12

=======================.
The Bottom Line

Greek mss. of the NT have numerous transliterations of Aramaic and Hebrew words. 
Certain transliterations, e.g. the use of "Bar-", constitute evidence that Jesus and the people around him spoke Aramaic.
Certain transliterations in Pauline epistles constitute evidence that Paul wrote in Aramaic to Aramaic-reading groups; I'm thinking particularly of Kephas and "Maran atha."
Certain transliterated words for which Greek writers probably already had suitable equivalents provide evidence that certain NT books were originally written in Aramaic; I'm thinking particularly of kuminon (cumin), libanos (frankincense, in Mt and Rev), Sabbaton (Saturday), sikera (an alcoholic beverage), and zizanion (a noxious weed that could be confused with wheat).

=======================.
Abaddon, Rev 9:11
https://biblehub.com/greek/3.htm
Abaddon, the angel of the abyss....
Word Origin
of Hebrew origin abaddon

Job 26:6 (Orthodox Jewish Bible)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job+26%3A6&version=OJB
Sheol is naked before Him,
and Avaddon hath no cover.

=====================.
Abba
off web:
Gloss:  Aramaic for father
Definition:  father

In Greek mss., it appears at Mk 14:36; Rom 8:15; Gal 4:6.

=====================.
Akeldama
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/akeldama.html
Aceldama = "Field of Blood"
a field purchased with Judas's betrayal money, located near Jerusalem

It appears here:
Acts 1:19 (DARBY)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=acts+1%3A19&version=KJV;HCSB;MOUNCE;DARBY
And it was known to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem,
so that that field was called in their own dialect [Greek:  dialektos] Aceldama;
that is,
field of blood [Greek:  chorion haima].

This passage provides evidence that at the time of Jesus' crucifixion, the "inhabitants of Jerusalem" spoke Aramaic.

The Greek manuscripts' transliteration and translation are markedly different, and in the Aramaic, similarly different in appearance are the first Aramaic phrase and the second Aramaic phrase.

Acts 1:19 (based on Younan)
and this became known to all who lived in Urishlim,
and thus that field was called in the tongue of the area, Khaqel-d'Ma,
that is thurgmh [interpreted], Qurith Dm [Field-of Blood]--

=====================.
Allelouia
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/allelouia.html
praise ye the Lord, Hallelujah

It appears at Rev 19:1, 19:3-4, 19:6.

Strong's Concordance 239. hallélouia
https://biblehub.com/greek/239.htm
hallélouia: hallelujah, alleluia (an adoring exclamation)
Original Word: Ἁλληλούϊα
Part of Speech: Hebrew Form (Indclinable)
Transliteration: hallélouia
Phonetic Spelling: (al-lay-loo'-ee-ah)
Short Definition: Hallelujah, Praise the Lord
Definition: Hallelujah, Praise the Lord.
HELPS Word-studies
239 allēlouia – literally, "praise Yahweh, transliterated hallelujah" (BAGD).

=====================.
Amen
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/amen.html
1.  firm
metaph. faithful
2.  verily, amen
-- at the beginning of a discourse -- surely, truly, of a truth
-- at the end -- so it is, so be it, may it be fulfilled. 
It was a custom, which passed over from the synagogues to the Christian assemblies, that when he who had read or discoursed, had offered up solemn prayer to God, the others responded Amen, and thus made the substance of what was uttered their own.

The word "amen" is a most remarkable word.  It was transliterated directly from the Hebrew into the Greek of the New Testament, then into Latin and into English and many other languages, so that it is practically a universal word.  It has been called the best known word in human speech.  The word is directly related -- in fact, almost identical -- to the Hebrew word for "believe" (amam), or faithful.  Thus, it came to mean "sure" or "truly", an expression of absolute trust and confidence.  -- HMM

"Amen" appears over 125 times in the Greek mss.

=====================.
Armageddon, Rev 16:16

Strong's Concordance 717. Harmagedón
https://biblehub.com/greek/717.htm
Har-Magedon, a mountain of unc. location
Original Word: Ἁρμαγεδών
....Word Origin
of Hebrew origin har and Megiddon

Strong's Concordance 4023b. Megiddon or Megiddo
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4023b.htm
Megiddon or Megiddo: a place in Manasseh
Transliteration: Megiddon or Megiddo
Short Definition: Megiddo
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
from gadad
Definition
a place in Manasseh
NASB Translation
Megiddo (12).

Megiddo in the OT
https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=megiddo&qs_version=NASB

=======================.
"Bar-"

The retention of "bar-" in the Greek mss. in certain individuals' names provides evidence that at the time of Jesus, parents were naming their children with Aramaic names, and hence, were probably speaking Aramaic.

Tilton, Joshua N. and David N. Bivin.  "Greek Transliterations of Hebrew, Aramaic and Hebrew/Aramaic Words in the Synoptic Gospels" http://www.jerusalemperspective.com
http://jewishstudies.eteacherbiblical.com/greek-transliteration-hebrew-aramaic-words-david-bivin-joshua-tilton/
The original is at 
http://www.jerusalemperspective.com/12404/
Tilton & Bivin observe that in the Greek NT, there are a "number of foreign words that were transliterated into Greek from either Hebrew or Aramaic (it is often impossible to distinguish Hebrew from Aramaic in Greek transliteration). Since modern translations of the Bible tend to hide these transliterated words, most readers are not aware of how many transliterated words there are in the Synoptic Gospels."

The Greek NT has approximately 138,000 words. 
http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/NT-Statistics-Greek.htm
More than 500 of the words are transliterations of Semitic-- usually Aramaic-- words..

In the Hebrew OT, "ben-" means "son of." 
In the Aramaic portions of the OT, "bar-" means "son of.
"Bar-" appears at Daniel 3:25, 5:22, 5:31, 7:13, Ezra 5:1, 5:2 (twice), and Ezra 6:14. 
http://biblehub.com/hebrew/1247.htm
Daniel 7:13 has "kbr ansh."
http://biblehub.com/interlinear/daniel/7.htm
In Greek mss., people's names were transliterated (often without an accompanying translation).  Here are some instances of Aramaic names containing "bar-":

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/barabbas.html
Barabbas = "son of a father or master"
the captive robber whom the Jews begged Pilate to release instead of Christ

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bariesous.html
Barjesus = "son of Jesus"
a certain false prophet

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/barionas.html
Barjona = "son of Jonah" [i.e. son of a Dove]
the surname of the apostle Peter

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/barnabas.html
Barnabas = "son of rest" [I'd say son of comfort/ consolation/ encouragement]
the surname of Joses or Joseph, a Levite, a native of Cyprus.... a distinguished Christian teacher and companion and colleague of Paul.

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bartholomaios.html
Bartholomew = "son of Tolmai"
one of the twelve apostles of Christ

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/barsabas.html
Barsabas = "son of Sabas"
1.  the surname of a certain Joseph (Acts 1:23)
2.  the surname of a certain Judas (Acts 15:22)

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bartimaios.html
Bartimaeus = "son of Timaeus"
a certain blind man

=====================.
Beelzeboul
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/beelzeboul.html
Beelzebub = "lord of the house" [I'd say:  lord of the:  dung?  flies?]
a name of Satan, the prince of evil spirits

It appears at Mt 10:25, 12:24, 12:27; Mk 3:22; Lk 11:15, 11:18, 11:19.
 
=======================.
"Beth-"

The retention of "beth-" in the Greek mss. in certain places' names provides evidence that at the time of Jesus, people were calling locations by either Aramaic or Hebrew names, and hence, were probably speaking Aramaic or Hebrew.

In the Hebrew OT and the Aramaic NT, "beth-" means "house/place of."  In Greek mss., place names were transliterated (often without an accompanying translation).  Here are some instances of places containing "beth-":

"Bethabara" appeared out of a mistranslation or mistransmission.  In Greek mss. of John 1:28, some things appear jumbled in that some Greek mss. erroneously have 'Beth-Abara' instead of Beth-Aniya.  Beth-Bara was an OT place meaning 'House/Place of a Crossing/Ferry.'  See also
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bethabara.html

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bethania.html
Bethany = "house of dates" or, "house of misery"
1.  a village at the Mount of Olives, about two miles (3 km) from Jerusalem, on or near the normal road to Jericho
2.  a town or village on the east bank of the Jordan, where John was baptising

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bethesda.html
Bethesda = "house of mercy" or "house of flowing water"
the name of a pool near the sheep-gate at Jerusalem, whose waters had curative powers

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bethphage.html
Bethphage = "house of unripe figs"
the name of a hamlet between Jericho and Jerusalem, close to Bethany

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bethleem.html
Bethlehem = "house of bread"
a village about six miles (10 km) south of Jerusalem

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/bethsaida.html
Bethsaida = "house of fish"
1.  a small fishing village on the west shore of Lake Gennesaret, home of Andrew, Peter, Philip and John
2.  a village in lower Gaulanitis on the eastern shore of Lake Gennesaret, not far from where the Jordan empties into it

=====================.
Boanerges

Looking at the Aramaic, we see this:
Mark 3:17 (based on Younan)
and Yaqub the son of Zawdee and Yukhanan the brother of Yaqub, to them he gave the name Bnay-Raghshee [Sons of:  Rage, or Tumult, or Thunder, or Feeling-- per Bauscher], that is, Bnay-Raima [Sons of Thunder].

The Greek mss. have transliterated the first Aramaic phrase, and have translated the second Aramaic phrase:

Mark 3:17 (DARBY)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=mark%203%3A16-17&version=KJV;HCSB;NABRE;MOUNCE;DARBY
and James the [son] of Zebedee, and John the brother of James, and he gave them the surname of Boanerges [Greek:  Boanerges], that is, Sons of thunder [Greek for "Sons of thunder":  hyios bronte];

As noted by
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/boanerges.html
the word origin for Boanerges is Aramaic.

=====================.
Ephphatha
off web:
Gloss:
ephphatha!, be opened!
Definition:
Aramaic, be thou opened, Mk. 7:34

Greek mss. have a transliteration in Mk 7:34, followed by the addition of a gloss:

Mk 7:34 (KJV)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=mark+7%3A34&version=KJV;HCSB;MOUNCE;DARBY
And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him,
Ephphatha,
that is,
Be opened [Greek:  dianoigo].

Note the stark dissimilarity of the transliteration and the translation.
Here is my transliteration of the Aramaic, with the translation in brackets:

Mk 7:34-35 (based on Younan)
34. And he looked into heaven and sighed and said to him,
"Aetpatak!"[be opened]
35. And at that moment, his ears were opened....

=====================.
Gabbatha
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/gabbatha.html
Gabbatha = "elevated or a platform"
a raised place, elevation
In the Greek was called Lithostrotos, or the pavement of stones, as the Syrian [i.e. Aramaic] version renders it: it is thought to be the room Gazith, in which the sanhedrin sat in the temple when they tried capital causes; and it was so called, because it was paved with smooth, square hewn stones: "it was in the north part; half of it was holy, and half of it was common: and it had two doors, one for that part which was holy, and another for that part that was common; and in that half that was common the sanhedrin sat." So that into this part of it, and by this door, Pilate, though a Gentile, might enter. This place, in the language of the Jews, who at that time spoke Syrian [i.e. Aramaic], was Gabbatha, from its height, as it should seem; though the Syrian and Persian versions read Gaphiphtha, which signifies a fence or enclosure. Mention is made in the Talmud of the upper Gab in the mountain of the house; but whether the same with this Gabbatha, and whether this is the same with the chamber Gazith, is not certain. The Septuagint uses the same word as John here does, and calls by the same name the pavement of the temple on which Israelites fell and worshipped God.

It appears at Jn 19:13.

[DavidFord]

Geenna
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/geenna.html
Hell is the place of the future punishment call "Gehenna" or "Gehenna of fire".  This was originally the valley of Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, where the filth and dead animals of the city were cast out and burned; a fit symbol of the wicked and their future destruction.

It appears in Greek mss. at Mt 5:22, 5:29, 5:30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15, 23:33; Mk 9:43, 9:45, 9:47; Lk 12:5; James 3:6.  The Peshi+ta James lacks Gehenna.

=====================.
Golgotha
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/golgotha.html
Golgotha = "skull"
the name of a place outside Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified; so called, apparently because its form resembled a skull

It appears at
Mt 27:33; Mk 15:22; Jn 19:17.

=====================.
Hosanna
off web:
Gloss:
Hosanna! (exclamation of praise, originally Save [us]!)
Definition:
Hosanna!  save now, help now

It appears at Mt 21:9, 15; Mk 11:9, 10; Jn 12:13

=====================.
Kananites [some Greek mss. instead have Kananaios]
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/kananites.html
Canaanite = "zealous"
the surname of apostle Simon, otherwise known as "Simon Zelotes"

off web:
Gloss:
Zealot, Cananaean (not related to geographical terms Cana or Canaan); same as {2421}, zealot}
Definition:
a Canaanite

It appears at Mt 10:4; Mk 3:18

=====================.
Kephas

Paul appears to have written 1 Cor and Galatians in Aramaic, using the Aramaic term Kapa (meaning "Rock") to refer to Peter.  In Greek mss., that Aramaic word was transliterated as Kephas.

off web:
Kephas
Cephas (Aramaic for Peter), rock
Definition:
Cephas, Rock, rendered into Greek by Petros

It appears at Jn 1:42; 1 Cor 1:12, 3:22, 9:5, 15:5; Gal 1:18, 2:9, 11, 14.

=====================.
Korbanan
off web:
Definition:
temple treasury, the sacred treasury

It appears at Mt. 27:6

=====================.
Koros
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/koros.html
a corus or cor, the largest Hebrew dry measure (i.e, for wheat, meal etc.) about 10 to 11 bushels (350 to 400 l)

It appears at Luke 16:7.

=====================.
Kuminon
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/kuminon.html
cummin is a cultivated plant in Palestine with seeds that have a bitter warm taste and an aromatic flavor

It appears at Mt 23:23.

=====================.
Libanos         
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/libanos.html
1  the frankincense tree
2  the perfume, frankincense

It appears at Mt 2:11, Rev 18:13.

=====================.
Mammonas
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/mammonas.html
1 mammon
2 treasure
3 riches (where it is personified and opposed to God)

It appears at Mt 6:24; Lk 16:9, 16:11, 16:13.

=====================.
Manna
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/manna.html
manna = "what is it"
1 the food that nourished the Israelites for forty years in the wilderness
2 of the manna was kept in the ark of the covenant
3 symbolically, that which is kept in the heavenly temple for the food of angels and the blessed

It appears at
Jn 6:31, 49; Heb 9:4; Rev 2:17.

=====================.
"Maran atha"
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/maran-atha.html
our Lord cometh or will come

It appears at 1 Cor 16:22.   A similar expression appears in the Aramaic Rev 22:20.

talking about Rev 22:20
https://bible.org/seriespage/revelation-21-22
....  Maranatha (cf. I Cor. 16:22). It is possible to interpret this in several ways:
1. if maranatha, then it is "Our Lord has come"
2.  marana tha, then it is "Our Lord, Come!"
....We learn from the _Didache_ 10:6 that this was the liturgical closing to the Lord's Supper service in John's day.

=====================.
Pharisaios
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/pharisaios.html
A sect that seems to have started after the Jewish exile.  In addition to OT books the Pharisees recognised in oral tradition a standard of belief and life.  They sought for distinction and praise by outward observance of external rites and by outward forms of piety, and such as ceremonial washings, fastings, prayers, and alms giving; and, comparatively negligent of genuine piety, they prided themselves on their fancied good works.  They held strenuously to a belief in the existence of good and evil angels, and to the expectation of a Messiah; and they cherished the hope that the dead, after a preliminary experience either of reward or of penalty in Hades, would be recalled to life by him, and be requited each according to his individual deeds.  In opposition to the usurped dominion of the Herods and the rule of the Romans, they stoutly upheld the theocracy and their country's cause, and possessed great influence with the common people.  According to Josephus they numbered more than 6000.  They were bitter enemies of Jesus and his cause; and were in turn severely rebuked by him for their avarice, ambition, hollow reliance on outward works, and affection of piety in order to gain popularity.

It appears in over 90 places in the Greek mss., e.g. Mt 5:20.

=====================.
Pascha
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/pascha.html
1 the paschal sacrifice (which was accustomed to be offered for the people's deliverance of old from Egypt)
2 the paschal lamb, i.e. the lamb the Israelites were accustomed to slay and eat on the fourteenth day of the month of Nisan (the first month of their year) in memory of the day on which their fathers, preparing to depart from Egypt, were bidden by God to slay and eat a lamb, and to sprinkle their door posts with its blood, that the destroying angel, seeing the blood, might pass over their dwellings; Christ crucified is likened to the slain paschal lamb
3 the paschal supper
4 the paschal feast, the feast of the Passover, extending from the 14th to the 20th day of the month Nisan

It appears in over 25 places in Greek mss., e.g. Lk 2:41.

=====================.
Rabbi
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/rhabbi.html
1 my great one, my honourable sir
2 Rabbi, a title used by the Jews to address their teachers (and also honour them when not addressing them)

It appears in 15 places in Greek mss., e.g. Mt 23:7.

=====================.
Raka
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/rhaka.html
1  empty, i.e. a senseless, empty headed man
2  a term of reproach used among the Jews in the time of Christ

I would say the Aramaic "rqa" means "spit," short for "(I) spit (on you)" or "(you are) spit/vile/horrid/foul."  It only appears at Mt 5:22. 
Aramaic to Arabic to Latin to English-- with word-for-word comparison with the Arabic-- produced "O!  horrid one";
Aramaic to Arabic to English produced "Thou foul one"--
see Diatesseron 8:51, translations of J. Hamlyn Hill (1894) and Hope Hogg (1897).

=====================.
Rabboni         
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/rhabboni.html
1 master, chief, prince
2 Rabboni is a title of honour Mary used to address Jesus

It appears at Mk 10:51, Jn 20:16.

=====================.
Sabbaton
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/sabbaton.html
1  the seventh day of each week which was a sacred festival on which the Israelites were required to abstain from all work
1a  the institution of the sabbath, the law for keeping holy every seventh day of the week
1b  a single sabbath, sabbath day
2  seven days, a week

It appears over 65 times in Greek mss., e.g. Mt 12:10.

=====================.
Sabbatismos
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/sabbatismos.html
1  a keeping sabbath
2  the blessed rest from toils and troubles looked for in the age to come by the true worshippers of God and true Christians

It appears at Heb 4:9.

=====================.
Sabaoth
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/sabaoth.html
"Lord of Sabaoth"  Lord of the armies of Israel, as those who are under the leadership and protection of Jehovah maintain his cause in war

It appears at Rom 9:29, James 5:4.

=====================.
Satanas
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/satanas.html
1  adversary (one who opposes another in purpose or act), the name given to
a  the prince of evil spirits, the inveterate adversary of God and Christ....
b  a Satan-like man

It appears over 35 times in Greek mss., e.g. Mt 4:10, Rev 2:9, 2:13, 2:24, 3:9, 12:9, 20:2, 20:7.

=====================.
Saton
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/saton.html
a kind of dry measure, 3 gallons (14 litres)

It appears at Mt 13:33, Lk 13:21.

=====================.
Sikera
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/sikera.html
strong drink, an intoxicating beverage, different from wine; it was a artificial product, made of a mixture of sweet ingredients, whether derived from grain and vegetables, or from the juice of fruits (dates), or a decoction of honey

It appears at Lk 1:15.

=====================.
Woe (i.e. ouai) in the KJV NT and OT
https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=woe&qs_version=KJV&limit=500

It appears over 45 times in Greek mss., e.g. Mt. 11:21.

=====================.
Zizanion
http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/zizanion.html
a kind of darnel, resembling wheat except the grains are black

It appears in 8 places in Greek mss., at Mt 13:25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 36, 38, 40.

=====================.
Mark 15:34

Working with the Aramaic, note the close similarity of the 2 transliterations of the 2 different Aramaic dialects:

Mark 15:34 (based on Younan)
And in the ninth hour, Yeshua cried out in a loud voice and said,
"'Ail!  Ail!  Lamna shwaqthani?'",
that is,
"'Allahi!  Allahi!  Lamna shwaqthani?'"
[My Allaha!  My Allaha!  Why have you spared me?/ Why have you let me live?  Cf. Ps 22:1, which Lamsa translates the Peshi+ta OT as having, "My Allaha, my Allaha, why hast thou let me to live?"]

In Greek mss. for that passage, the second Aramaic dialect line was transliterated and then translated:

Mark 15:34 (HCSB)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=mark+15%3A34&version=KJV;HCSB;MOUNCE;DARBY
with Greek words from
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+15%3A34+&version=KJV;HCSB;MOUNCE;DARBY
And at three Jesus cried out with a loud voice,
"Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?"
which is translated,
"My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?"[Greek:
ho ego Theos, ho ego Theos, eis tis enkataleipo ego]

Note the stark dissimilarity of Greek manuscripts' transliteration of the Aramaic, compared with the Greek manuscripts' translation.

[DavidFord]

.." that God may be all in all." from 1 Cor. 15:28
If God will be all in all, it seems obvious (to me) that any punishment will be "corrective".. As if they remain in error / not corrected, could it be said God Himself will be all in all / will be all things?

If God performs a sufficient number of capital punishments, he could be 'all in all' without the capital punishments having been 'corrective.'

Luke 19:27 (based on Younan), http://dukhrana.com
But to those my enemies,
those who did not desire that I rule over them,
bring them and kill them before me!'"

[GodIsLove]

.." that God may be all in all." from 1 Cor. 15:28
If God will be all in all, it seems obvious (to me) that any punishment will be "corrective".. As if they remain in error / not corrected, could it be said God Himself will be all in all / will be all things?

If God performs a sufficient number of capital punishments, he could be 'all in all' without the capital punishments having been 'corrective.'

Luke 19:27 (based on Younan), http://dukhrana.com
But to those my enemies,
those who did not desire that I rule over them,
bring them and kill them before me!'"

This is the annihilation view, which IMO has more scriptural support and logic to support it compared to ET...

But again IMO universal reconciliation has more scriptural support and logic compared to the other two.

God creates the universe and all life in it...from himself.
For God to then destroy some of his creation is to have him destroy some of himself.

For God to create life knowing He will extinguish it later is IMO contrary to His character revealed to us in Jesus the Christ.

God is love and:

4Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. 5It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. 6Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. 7It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.

8Love never fails

(1 Corinthians 13).

David, currently what do you believe?
Do you believe in eternal hell, finite hell, annihilation, UR...
Do you believe Melivin's vision of hell over all the other visions of hell that are contradictory to his?
Do you believe God metes out punishment or our own consequences are punishment or there is no punishment?

I love fellowship here, I am sad when members leave and happy when new ones arrive...and I am having trouble fellowshipping (is that a word?) with you because you don't reveal too much about what your views or thoughts are.

I know you said you were worried about moderation but there's a post somewhere that can give you general guidelines for posting.

Things like to say "in my opinion"
Not bashing scripture outright

Those two are the biggest in my experience when I've seen people have moderation issues.

[DavidFord]

God creates the universe and all life in it...from himself.
For God to then destroy some of his creation is to have him destroy some of himself.
For God to create life knowing He will extinguish it later is IMO contrary to His character revealed to us in Jesus the Christ.

"God creates... all life... from himself"
Reference?
"God creates the universe... from himself"
Ref?
"For God to then destroy some of his creation"
Do you think God:  ever destroyed a fig tree?  would ever destroy the present physical universe?

Mt 21 (based on Younan), http://dukhrana.com
18. And in the morning when he [Yeshua] returned to the medintha [city], he hungered. 19. And he saw a certain fig tree by the road and came to it and he did not find anything on it except only leaves. And he said to it,
"Let there not be on you again fruit forever!"
And at once, that fig tree withered. 20. And the talmida [students] saw and marveled and were saying, "How quickly the fig tree withered."

Do you believe in eternal hell, finite hell, annihilation, UR...
Do you believe Melivin's vision of hell over all the other visions of hell that are contradictory to his?
Do you believe God metes out punishment or our own consequences are punishment or there is no punishment?

I'm not a universalist yet, but I'd like univeralism to be true.  The last time I looked into matters, I ditched the neverending-torture position, and became an annihilationist.  I'm persuaded that Sheol exists, Jesus preached there once, people are being tormented there currently, often in quite awful, horrific, nightmarish ways by demons doing to people things that those people did to others while on earth, and I'd like it to be the case that Jesus—who holds the keys of Sheol—will once again preach in Sheol and clear the place out.  Perhaps Sheol's gates will be broken down by the church invading the place.
I consider Mary K. Baxter's _A Divine Revelation of Hell_ hogwash.  I accept Melvin's recounting, and Ian McCormack's, which is different than Melvin's; I wouldn't say they're contradictory accounts, but they certainly are very different.  Different people in hell experience different things, depending on I don't know what-- maybe based on what they did while on earth, and their level of awareness of right vs. wrong.

Luke 12 (based on Younan), http://dukhrana.com
47. And that servant who knows the will of his Lord
and does not prepare for him according to his will,
will be beaten with many (stripes).
48. But he who does not know
and does the thing that is worthy of stripes
will be beaten (with) fewer stripes.
For anyone who is given much to him,
much is required from him.
And he to whom they have committed much to him,
more will they require by his hand.

Bad consequences for one's self often result from one's sin.  God established laws in the universe such that that occurs-- it's not the case that God has to intervene in his universe to dispense punishment. God's wrath typically looks like God allowing people to suffer the bad consequences of their bad actions-- see Romans 1, and Bradley Jersak's _A More Christlike God: A More Beautiful Gospel_
https://www.amazon.com/More-Christlike-God-Beautiful-Gospel/dp/1889973165/
Consequences, e.g. transmission of sexually-transmitted diseases among those engaging in sexual immorality, and sin injuring one's soul thereby giving demons footholds to work with in this life (and the afterlife if one arrives in hell), are built into the universe.

[DavidFord]

transliterations + translations:  Mt 1:23, Mk 15:34, Mk 3:17, Acts 4:36, Hebrews 7:1-2

In several locations in the Aramaic Peshi+ta, a word or phrase is given in one dialect of Aramaic, and then repeated in another dialect of Aramaic.  Also, at least once an Aramaic term with several possible meanings is given, and then a more-precise term specifying exactly what is meant is given.  In those situations, Greek mss. have as a transliteration the first instance of the word or phrase, and then render in Greek the repetition (or, the more-precise term).  We start by looking at the Aramaic. 

a)  Matthew 1:23 (based on Younan)
"Behold, a virgin will conceive and give birth to a son,
and they will call his name Aimnu-Ail,"
which is interpreted 'Aimn Allahan.'
[With-us (is) our-Allaha, i.e. our God is with us]

Note how both the first word and the explanation have "Aimn." 
Also, both "Ail" and "Allaha" are Semitic references to God, judging by Mk 15:34:

==================.
b)  Mark 15:34 (Younan)
And in the ninth hour, Yeshua cried out in a loud voice and said,
"'Ail! Ail! Lamna shwaqthani?'",
that is,
"'Allahi! Allahi! Lamna shwaqthani?'"

Note how both the first phrase and the recasting of it have "Lamna shwaqthani."
Also, "Allahi" is Aramaic for 'my Allaha,' while 'Ail' strikes me as being 'El'-- short for 'Elohim' i.e. a Hebrew term for 'God.'  In the OT, both Daniel and Michael have 'El'-- short for 'Elohim'-- as part of their names.

==================.
c)  Mark 3:16-17 (Younan)
And he named Shimon the name Keepa, and Yaqub the son of Zawdee and Yukhanan the brother of Yaqub, to them he gave the name Bnay-Raghshee [Sons of:  Rage, or Tumult, or Thunder, or Feeling-- per Bauscher], that is, Bnay-Raima [Sons of Thunder].

Note how both the first phrase and the more-precise rendering of it have "Bnay."

==================.
d)  Acts 4:36 (Younan)
Now Yosip, he who was named by the Shelikha [Apostles] "Bar-Naba," which is interpreted "Bara-d'Buyaa" [Son of Comfort/Encouragement], a Levite from the region of Cyprus. . . .

Note how both the first phrase and the other rendering of it have 'Bar,' which is Aramaic for 'son.'

We now look at those passages in the Greek translation of the Aramaic.

==================.
A)  Matthew 1:23 (HCSB)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%201%3A23&version=KJV;HCSB;NABRE;MOUNCE
See, the virgin will become pregnant
and give birth to a son,
and they will name Him Immanuel, which is translated "God is with us."

transliteration of the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic:  Emmanouel
transliteration of the Greek translation:  theos meta hemeis ho
Notice the stark dissimilarity of the transliteration and translation.

==================.
B)  Mark 15:34 (HCSB)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=mark+15%3A34&version=KJV;HCSB;NABRE;MOUNCE;DLNT
And at three Jesus cried out with a loud voice,
"Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?"
which is translated,
"My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?"

transliteration of the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic:  eloi eloi lema sabachthani
transliteration of the Greek translation:  ho ego theos ho ego theos eis tis enkataleipo ego
Notice the stark dissimilarity of the transliteration and translation.
   
==================.
C)  Mark 3:16-17 (DLNT)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=mark%203%3A16-17&version=KJV;HCSB;NABRE;MOUNCE;DLNT
And He appointed the twelve, even Peter (He put the name on Simon), and James, the son of Zebedee, and John, the brother of James (and He put on them the name Boanerges, which means "sons of thunder"),

transliteration of the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic:  Boanerges
transliteration of the Greek translation:  hyios bronte
Notice the stark dissimilarity of the transliteration and translation.

==================.
D)  Acts 4:36 (HCSB)
Joseph, a Levite and a Cypriot by birth, the one the apostles called Barnabas, which is translated Son of Encouragement,

transliteration of the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic:  Barnabas
transliteration of the Greek translation:  hyios paraklesis.
Notice the stark dissimilarity of the transliteration and translation.

==================.
Hebrews 7:1-2

The bottom line is that in the Aramaic for Hebrews 7:1-2, "Mlki-Zdq" got expounded as the partially-similar "Mlka d'Kanutha," while in contrast,
the Greek version has the transliteration "Melchisedek," which it translates as the very-dissimilar "basileus dikaiosyne."
Also, in the Aramaic, "Mlk Shlim" was expounded as the largely similar "Mlka d'Shlma," while in contrast,
the Greek version has the part-translation, part-transliteration "basileus Salem," which it fully-translates as "basileus eirene."

We start with some Aramaic vocabulary. 
Mlki-Zdq -- King-Righteous, i.e. "Righteous King," or:  "King (of) Righteousness"  [could it be 'my righteous king'?]
(Incidentally, "zadiqa" means "righteous/ just, a righteous/ just man," and "Zaduqia" are Sadducees.)
Mlk-Shlim -- king (of) peace
d'mlka -- of the kings
Mlka-d'Kanutha -- king of righteousness
Mlk-Shlim -- king (of) peace
Mlka-d'Shlma -- king of peace

Hebrews 7:1-2 (based on Etheridge + Khabouris, from dukhrana.com)
1.  For this Mlki-Zdq is Mlk-Shlim, the priest of Allaha the Most High. 
And he met Abraham when he returned from the slaughter d'mlka [of the kings], and blessed him.
2.  And to him Abraham separated the tenth from everything that he had with him.
Now his name, being expounded, (is) the Mlka-d'Kanutha;
and again, Mlk-Shlim, which is, Mlka-d'Shlma.

Note how in the Aramaic, there's 6 instances of "mlk"/king, and 3 instances of words having the letters "shlm"/ peace, as the author of Hebrews expresses things slightly differently (in different Aramaic dialects?).

We now examine the Greek transliterations and translations of the passage.

Hebrews 7:1-2 (hybrid of DLNT + MOUNCE; the bracketed "his name" is the DLNT's)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=hebrews+7%3A1-4&version=KJV;HCSB;NABRE;MOUNCE;DLNT
For this Melchisedek [Melchizedek], basileus-Salem [king _of_ Salem], priest _of_ the Most-High God, remains _a_ priest perpetually-- 
the _one_ having met Abraham returning from the defeat _of_ the basileus [kings] and having eulogeo [blessed] him;
_to_ whom also Abraham divided dekatos [_a_ tenth] from everything;
_who is_ first ([his name] hermeneuo [being translated]), basileus-dikaiosyne [king _of_ righteousness];
and then also basileus-Salem [king _of_ Salem], which is basileus-eirene [king _of_ peace];

transliterations of the Greek transliterations:
Melchisedek:  1 instance
Salem:  2 instances

transliterations of the Greek translations:
basileus (5 instances; translates the Aramaic mlk/ 'king')
dikaiosyne (translates the Aramaic d'kanutha/ 'of righteousness')
eirene (1 instance; translates the Aramaic shlma/ 'peace')

[DavidFord]

1 Cor 15:55:  flat rendition in some Greek mss.

Of the Greek texts of 1 Cor 15:55 listed at
https://biblehub.com/texts/1_corinthians/15-55.htm
5 have 'θάνατε... θάνατε'/ 'death... death,'
while 4 have the more-interesting 'death... hades.'

From Aramaic:

1Cor 15:55, http://www.dukhrana.com
(Etheridge) Where is thy sting, Death ?
and where is thy victory Shiul ?
(Murdock) Where is thy sting, O death ?
And where is thy victory, O grave ?

In the OT:

Hosea 13:14 (NASB)
https://biblehub.com/nasb/hosea/13.htm
Shall I ransom them from the power of Sheol?
Shall I redeem them from death?
O Death, where are your thorns?
O Sheol, where is your sting?
Compassion will be hidden from My sight.

[DavidFord]

Abaddon:  Rev 9:11 originally in:  Greek?  Hebrew?  Aramaic?

Abaddon in NABRE
https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=abaddon&qs_version=NABRE

Job 26:6 (NABRE)
Naked before him is Sheol,
and Abaddon has no covering.

Job 28:22
Abaddon and Death say,
"Only by rumor have we heard of her."

Job 31:12
A fire that would consume down to Abaddon till it uprooted all my crops.

Proverbs 15:11
Sheol and Abaddon lie open before the Lord;
how much more the hearts of mortals!

Proverbs 27:20
Sheol and Abaddon can never be satisfied;
so the eyes of mortals can never be satisfied.

Rev 9:11
They had as their king the angel of the abyss,
whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon and in Greek Apollyon.

From Aramaic:

Rev 9:11 (Aramaic Bible in Plain English, using Crawford)
https://biblehub.com/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/9.htm
And there is a King over them,
the Angel of The Abyss,
whose name in Hebrew is Avadu,
and in Aramaic his name is Shara.

Rev 9:11, based on Glaser, using Crawford
And having upon/over them
malaka – angel(s)/messenger(s) [another mss.:  mlka:  king]
malakeh – his/its angel/messenger
d'thehuma – of the abysses/pits,
d'shameh – of his/its name (Alternate translations: "whose name is" or "that its name")
Aibrayth – in Hebrew
Aibdu – enslaves them,  (An alternate translation is "they slave/work". Or if the name/title
                                             is not meant to be translated then it would just be "Eabdu".)
a'Armayth – and in Aramaic
shma – the name
leh – to him/it
ayth – having/is
Shra – releases/strength.  This word has many alternate translations. Untranslated it would be "Shra". In some interpretations the Hebrew (above) & Aramaic (here) are completely in conflict (ie., slave v. release), but in other translations the two are just different perspectives (i.e., work and strength). I think the point here is to consider multiple meanings, to feel that uncertainty in the reverence/fear of Alha who reigns from above and can summon the realms below at His will.

Glaser re: the 1st transliterated word:
SP has 0klm-mlka ("king") but Crawford has 0k0lm-mlaka ("angel(s)/messenger(s)"). This one difference can change the whole meaning and grammatical flow of the verse, as 0k0lm-mlaka can be read plural or singular. The phrase in SP is ... ("And having over them a king, his/its angel of
the abyss, whose name is in Hebrew, 'enslaves them'."). But the phrase in Crawford is ... ("And having over them an angel, his/its angel of the abyss, whose name is in Hebrew, 'enslaves them'."). I do not know whether to capitalize the "h" in "his angel" because the text does not say who or what commands this angel directly or indirectly.

[DavidFord]

Semitic parallelism poetry:  Rev 18:21-24

Rev 18:21-24 (Murdock), http://dukhrana.com
And an angel took up a stone like a great millstone,
and cast it into the sea, saying:
So shall Babylon, the great city,
be thrown down with violence,
and shall no more be found:
and the voice of harpers and musicians and pipers and trumpeters,
shall no more be heard in thee;
and no artificer of any trade,
shall be found any more in thee.
And the light of a candle,
shall not be seen in thee;
and the voice of a bridegroom and bride,
shall no more be heard in thee:
for thy merchants were the great men of the earth,
because all nations were seduced by thy sorceries.
And in her was found the blood of prophets and saints,
and of all those that have been slain on the earth.

[GodIsLove]

God creates the universe and all life in it...from himself.
For God to then destroy some of his creation is to have him destroy some of himself.
For God to create life knowing He will extinguish it later is IMO contrary to His character revealed to us in Jesus the Christ.

"God creates... all life... from himself"
Reference?
"God creates the universe... from himself"
Ref?
"For God to then destroy some of his creation"
Do you think God:  ever destroyed a fig tree?  would ever destroy the present physical universe?

Mt 21 (based on Younan), http://dukhrana.com
18. And in the morning when he [Yeshua] returned to the medintha [city], he hungered. 19. And he saw a certain fig tree by the road and came to it and he did not find anything on it except only leaves. And he said to it,
"Let there not be on you again fruit forever!"
And at once, that fig tree withered. 20. And the talmida [students] saw and marveled and were saying, "How quickly the fig tree withered."

Do you believe in eternal hell, finite hell, annihilation, UR...
Do you believe Melivin's vision of hell over all the other visions of hell that are contradictory to his?
Do you believe God metes out punishment or our own consequences are punishment or there is no punishment?

I'm not a universalist yet, but I'd like univeralism to be true.  The last time I looked into matters, I ditched the neverending-torture position, and became an annihilationist.  I'm persuaded that Sheol exists, Jesus preached there once, people are being tormented there currently, often in quite awful, horrific, nightmarish ways by demons doing to people things that those people did to others while on earth, and I'd like it to be the case that Jesus—who holds the keys of Sheol—will once again preach in Sheol and clear the place out.  Perhaps Sheol's gates will be broken down by the church invading the place.
I consider Mary K. Baxter's _A Divine Revelation of Hell_ hogwash.  I accept Melvin's recounting, and Ian McCormack's, which is different than Melvin's; I wouldn't say they're contradictory accounts, but they certainly are very different.  Different people in hell experience different things, depending on I don't know what-- maybe based on what they did while on earth, and their level of awareness of right vs. wrong.

Luke 12 (based on Younan), http://dukhrana.com
47. And that servant who knows the will of his Lord
and does not prepare for him according to his will,
will be beaten with many (stripes).
48. But he who does not know
and does the thing that is worthy of stripes
will be beaten (with) fewer stripes.
For anyone who is given much to him,
much is required from him.
And he to whom they have committed much to him,
more will they require by his hand.

Bad consequences for one's self often result from one's sin.  God established laws in the universe such that that occurs-- it's not the case that God has to intervene in his universe to dispense punishment. God's wrath typically looks like God allowing people to suffer the bad consequences of their bad actions-- see Romans 1, and Bradley Jersak's _A More Christlike God: A More Beautiful Gospel_
https://www.amazon.com/More-Christlike-God-Beautiful-Gospel/dp/1889973165/
Consequences, e.g. transmission of sexually-transmitted diseases among those engaging in sexual immorality, and sin injuring one's soul thereby giving demons footholds to work with in this life (and the afterlife if one arrives in hell), are built into the universe.

Ok I guess I don't have sources to *prove* that God made the universe from himself, what I meant was that everything came FROM Him, so I was thinking that we were created from His thoughts spoken into existence (the word aka the Christ) which are a part of God, and from his own substance, since only God existed before creation, and He exists everywhere, and anything he creates he will by default fill with Himself since he is everywhere.

John
1In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2He was with God in the beginning. 3Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. 4In him was life, and that life was the light of all mankind. 5The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome a it.

I read that the total amount of matter in the universe can cancel out the total of negative gravitational energy, yielding a universe with zero (or close to zero) net matter/energy, sort of a balanced system that amounts to nothing.

Also, Physicists have discovered that the entire universe is pure energy, and that nothing is solid. In the words of Einstein,
"Concerning matter, we have been all wrong. What we have called matter is energy, whose vibration has been so lowered as to be perceptible to the senses. There is no matter."

In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, it is said to be conserved over time. This law means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another.

And some scripture describing the omnipresence of God:

"Am I a God at hand, declares the Lord, and not a God afar off? Can a man hide himself in secret places so that I cannot see him? declares the Lord. Do I not fill heaven and earth? declares the Lord" (Jer. 23:23–24).

Where can I go from your Spirit? Or where can I flee from your presence? If I ascend into heaven, you are there; if I make my bed in hell, behold, you are there; if I take the wings of the morning and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea, even there your hand shall lead me, and your right hand shall hold me. If I say, "Surely the darkness will hide me and the light become night around me," even the darkness will not be dark to you; the night will shine like the day, for darkness is as light to you (Psalm 139:7-12).

And some scripture about humankind's creation:

Genesis
Then God said, "Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness,"

Ecc 12
7and the dust returns to the ground it came from,
and the spirit returns to God who gave it.

'Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38 When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?'
40 "The King will reply, 'Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.'

*****

Thanks for clarifying your stance, it was helpful.

One thing I think is that if we would like universal salvation to be true, how much more does God want it to be true, as he is perfect and love and we are neither (yet).

I agree with your last bit about natural laws and consequences for actions.

I also, lately, agree with your stance that Jesus preached in Sheol.

[MusicLover123]

I heard recently that in the creation process God poured out Himself into everything, like water pouring out of the head. So, if everything does not return back to Him, God will literally be incomplete for the rest of eternity, and therefore imperfect. Not a victorious ending, now is it?

Speaking of the universe, apparently matter/atoms is 99% empty space. That was pretty cool to learn.

[DavidFord]

Rev 13:10: rhyming parallelism in Aramaic

Rev 13:10 (Lamsa), http://dukhrana.com
He who leads into captivity,     [last word:  mubl
shall go into captivity;                [azl
he who kills with the sword,      [qtl
must be killed with the sword.  [nthqtl
Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.